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Arktika-class icebreaker
The ''Arktika'' class is a Russian (former Soviet) class of nuclear-powered icebreakers; they are the largest and most powerful icebreakers ever constructed. Ships of the ''Arktika'' class are owned by the federal government, but were operated by the Murmansk Shipping Company (MSCO) until 2008, when they were transferred to the fully government-owned operator Atomflot. Of the ten civilian nuclear-powered vessels built by Russia (and the Soviet Union), six have been of this type. They are used for escorting merchant ships in the Arctic Ocean north of Siberia as well as for scientific and recreational expeditions to the Arctic.
==History==
On July 3, 1971, construction began on a conceptual design of a larger nuclear icebreaker, dubbed ''Arktika'', in the Baltic Shipyard in then Leningrad.〔Olagaard, P. Reistad, O. (April 2006). Russian Nuclear Power Plants for Marine Applications〕 Four years later, on December 17, 1975, Moscow and Leningrad received radio messages informing them that sea trials had been completed successfully. The newest and largest nuclear icebreaker at the time was ready for the Arctic.〔Pike, J. Project 10520 Arktika/ Global Security.Org. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/10520.htm〕
''Arktika'' was the first surface ship to reach the North Pole, on August 17, 1977.
As the leading vessel in Russia’s second nuclear icebreaker class, ''Arktika'' became the classification name for five icebreakers to follow: the ''Sibir'' in 1977, ''Rossiya'' in 1985, ''Sovetskiy Soyuz'' in 1989, the ''Yamal'' in 1992〔Hore-Lacy, I. World Nuclear Agency. (January 11, 2010). Nuclear Powered Ships/Encyclopedia of Earth.Org. http://www.eoearth.org/article/Nuclear-powered_ships〕 and the ''50 Let Pobedy'' in 2007.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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